From missiles and uranium to critical minerals and sports diplomacy, Prime Minister Narendra Modi used a three-nation tour to deepen India’s Indo-Pacific partnerships as regional powers strengthen ties amid China’s growing influence and uncertainty over U.S. engagement.

In recent weeks, Modi has stepped up engagement across the Indo-Pacific, signing a flurry of agreements ranging from the sale of BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles to Indonesia to defense, energy and critical minerals partnerships with Australia, underscoring New Delhi’s ambition to play a bigger strategic role in the region.

The agreements came against a backdrop of heightened security tensions, including China testing a nuclear-capable ballistic missile in the Pacific the day before Modi arrived in Indonesia. The rare test drew protests from several countries and renewed concerns over Beijing’s expanding military reach.